Definition
Polyps are abnormal projections of the mucosa in the digestive tract, usually in the colon. They can be solitary or multiple and are classified as adenomatous (precancerous) or non-neoplastic.

Pathogenesis
Polyps may arise from genetic mutations, chronic intestinal irritation, or inflammatory conditions. Adenomatous polyps carry an increased risk of malignancy, especially when they are larger than 1 cm or have high-risk histological features.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made through colonoscopy, which allows for direct visualization and removal of polyps for biopsy. Imaging methods like CT colonography can be used as alternatives.

Treatment
Treatment involves endoscopic removal of polyps, while high-risk cases may require surgical intervention. Regular follow-up with colonoscopies is essential to prevent progression to colorectal cancer. Dietary changes and smoking cessation may reduce the risk of recurrence.