Definition
Norovirus infection is a highly contagious viral infection causing gastroenteritis, with primary symptoms including diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal pain. Norovirus is the leading cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide.
Pathogenesis
The virus is transmitted through contaminated food or water, contact with contaminated surfaces, or person-to-person spread. Norovirus is resistant to common cleaning and disinfection methods, making it particularly challenging to control.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical symptoms and their rapid onset in outbreak settings. Laboratory tests, such as detection of viral RNA in stool via PCR, confirm the infection.
Treatment
There is no specific treatment for Norovirus infection. Management is supportive and includes:
- Hydration: Addressing dehydration with oral or intravenous electrolyte solutions.
- Symptom relief: Easily digestible foods and medications to reduce fever or nausea, if necessary.
Prevention:
- Frequent and thorough handwashing with soap and water.
- Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces with bleach or effective disinfectants.
- Avoiding consumption of contaminated food or water.
Norovirus infection usually resolves within 1–3 days but can be severe in young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Prompt prevention and supportive care are essential to reduce spread and complications.