Definition
Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) include Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Crohn’s disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, whereas ulcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum. Both conditions are characterized by chronic inflammation.

Pathogenesis
The cause of IBD remains unknown, but genetic, environmental, and immune factors are involved. Dysregulation of the immune system leads to intestinal inflammation, often in individuals with a genetic predisposition.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms such as diarrhea (with or without blood), abdominal pain, and fatigue. The physician confirms the diagnosis through tests such as endoscopy with biopsy and imaging techniques like magnetic enterography. Laboratory markers such as CRP and calprotectin are also helpful.

Treatment
Treatment includes medication (aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, biologics), nutritional support, and, if necessary, surgery to manage complications. Personalized follow-up by a specialist gastroenterologist is critical for disease management.