Definition
Fatty liver (hepatic steatosis) is a condition characterized by excessive fat accumulation in hepatocytes. It is classified into alcoholic fatty liver (due to excessive alcohol consumption) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), primarily associated with metabolic disorders.

Pathogenesis
In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, fat accumulation is related to insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Chronic inflammation can lead to progressive liver damage, such as steatohepatitis and cirrhosis.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis is typically made using imaging techniques such as ultrasound, CT, or MRI. Elastography and, in specific cases, liver biopsy may be used to assess inflammation or fibrosis.

Treatment
Treatment includes lifestyle changes such as weight loss, a healthy diet (high in fiber and low in fat), and regular exercise. Alcohol cessation is critical for alcoholic fatty liver disease. In cases of steatohepatitis or advanced fibrosis, medication and close monitoring by a hepatologist may be required. Early intervention reduces the risk of complications like cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma.