Colonoscopy is the endoscopic examination of the large intestine (colon) and, when necessary, the lower part of the small intestine (terminal ileum).

It is an extremely valuable diagnostic procedure that allows direct visualization of the mucosal lining of the colon and terminal ileum, while also enabling the collection of targeted biopsies to establish the diagnosis of various gastrointestinal conditions.

With the aid of state-of-the-art endoscopic equipment and Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, your physician can accurately identify lesions of the colon, even at very early stages, and remove them during the same procedure when appropriate.

In this way, colonoscopy enables the gastroenterologist to remove both small and large polyps, which are subsequently examined under a microscope to determine whether they are precancerous or benign.

The examination is generally performed under intravenous sedation using specialized medications, while the patient’s vital cardiopulmonary parameters are continuously monitored. This approach ensures a comfortable, detailed, and virtually painless procedure. However, if the patient prefers, colonoscopy can also be performed without sedation.

During the examination, the patient—who should have fasted for 6 to 8 hours—lies comfortably on their left side with their head supported by a pillow. Proper bowel preparation is essential, as it significantly improves the diagnostic accuracy of the procedure. During the examination, the colon is typically insufflated with carbon dioxide (CO₂), which enhances patient comfort and makes the procedure more easily tolerated.

It is important to note that colonoscopy is a cornerstone of colorectal cancer prevention. Current international guidelines recommend screening colonoscopy beginning at the age of 45 for the general population, regardless of gender.

Complications during colonoscopy are rare (< 3.5‰).

Note: This article is intended for informational purposes only and does not replace the detailed explanation and personalized guidance provided by your gastroenterologist regarding the colonoscopy procedure.