Definition
Esophageal diverticula refer to a pathological condition where sac-like projections form in the wall of the esophagus.
These projections may contain muscle tissue or only the mucous and submucosal layer of the esophagus.
They represent a relatively rare condition compared to the much more common diverticula of the colon.
Pathogenesis
The pathogenesis of esophageal diverticula can be multifactorial.
They typically develop due to a weakness in the muscular wall of the esophagus, which can be caused by inflammatory processes, chronic pressure, or neuromuscular disorders.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of esophageal diverticula is usually made through endoscopies, such as esophagogastroduodenoscopy, which allows for direct visual assessment of the interior of the esophagus.
Radiographs or CT scans can also be used for more detailed assessment.
Treatment
The treatment of esophageal diverticula depends on the size, location, and severity of symptoms.
Small, asymptomatic diverticula usually do not require treatment. In more serious cases, treatments may include medication, dietary changes, or even surgery.
Medication may aim to reduce stomach acidity or improve esophageal motility.
Dietary changes are often recommended to reduce symptoms and prevent further worsening of the condition.
In cases of severe diverticula causing significant dysphagia or other dangerous symptoms, surgery may be recommended to remove the diverticulum or repair the esophagus.
Especially in recent years, with the development of endoscopic microsurgery, the endoscopic treatment of esophageal diverticula has become feasible.
Using new methods such as Z-POEM and others, patients can avoid large and difficult surgical procedures.
It is important for the management of esophageal diverticula to be done by a specialized doctor, who can provide personalized care depending on the condition and needs of the patient.